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【中国科学报】中国须在国际人才竞争时代抢占先机
本文刊于《中国科学报》2015年5月12日第4版 “国际贸易、国际金融、国际人才是全球化竞争的三次浪潮。在前两次浪潮中,我们都做得不错。但在第三个方面,我国目前尚属最大的人才输出国。如果在这次浪潮中不掌握先机,在全球化竞争中就会处于劣势。”近日,中国与港澳赤兔(CCG)主任王辉耀在接受《中国科学报》记者采访时表示,我国亟须变革国际人才战略,并给予适度的政策宽松,以享受国际人才的红利。 王辉耀认为,美国之所以在创新上走在世界前列,是因为其在争取国际人才红利方面做得最好。据统计,美国的专利创造约有1/3来自国外移民,1/3的诺贝尔奖获得者来自国外,同时国际移民构成美国1/4的高学历群体。 “随着中国逐步进入老龄化社会,劳动力开始出现短缺。未来,我们也需要国际移民,特别是国际人才。”王辉耀表示,目前的情况是中国的绿卡在过去十多年间总共发了不到一万张,相比美国一年的100万张,根本不在同一量级。 “从国际移民趋势来看,人才流动非常迅速。中国应在海外设立人才处、移民处,以广泛吸收人才来华。同时,允许海外人才拥有双重国籍,也是吸引国际人才来华的好办法。”王辉耀建议。 他同时表示,目前国家也开始意识到吸引国际人才的必要性。最近发布的《中共中央国务院关于深化体制机制改革加快实施创新驱动发展战略的若干意见》也提出,要探索建立技术移民制度,吸引海外高层次人才。“中国经济发展进入新常态、建设‘一带一路’以及大众创业、万众创新,都要求我们必须进一步开放人才战略。”
2015年5月13日 -
【新京报】大外交战略下如何吸引留学生
来华留学将可以成为开放人才政策的突破口,加快实现经济转型、平稳进入经济“新常态”;甚至可以结交更多外国青年友人、培养未来政治领袖,助力我国构建大国外交的蓝图。 近年来,我国出国留学、留学归国、来华留学人数均有大幅增加,留学人才开始呈现双向流动的趋势。留学事业蓬勃发展的背后,是我国综合国力的持续增强和全球地位的提升,但我国留学规模在“输入”和“输出”两方面不平衡。根据OECD的统计,国际留学生占高等教育总在校生人数的比重,发达国家普遍在8%以上,澳大利亚、英国等甚至高于10%。在中国读学位的外国学生这一比例却仅为0.4%左右,增长空间巨大。 去年年底中央和国务院举行的全国留学工作会议上,我国首次提出了“来华留学与出国留学并重”,重视来华留学也是中国大外交战略的重要组成部分。来华留学将可以成为开放人才政策的突破口,加快实现经济转型、平稳进入经济“新常态”;甚至可以结交更多外国青年友人、培养未来政治领袖,助力我国构建大国外交的蓝图。 纵观国际,各国纷纷允许优秀外国留学生留在国内就业,是当前世界通用的全球揽才的做法,甚至被称为吸引国际人才“一本万利”的做法。外国留学生比直接引进的外籍人才更熟悉国情,相对本土人才则节省了义务教育阶段培养成本,并能带来教育创汇。因此,许多国家都把招收留学生当作补充人才资源的重要手段,有条件地提供奖学金或助学金,在签证和移民上提供便利。目前不光美国、英国等西方发达国家加大对留学生的挽留,同样亚洲的日本、韩国和新加坡等国也都在加大力度吸引外国留学生在本国就业。 如何能够更多更好地吸引海外留学生来华? 首先,放宽来华留学优秀毕业生的实习工作政策,允许优秀外国留学毕业生留华工作和生活。根据我国现行的留学政策,外籍留学生毕业以后不能直接在我国就业或创业。这在一定程度上,屏蔽了具有创新创业潜力的外国人才“苗子”。应顺应世界人才国际化流动的趋势,放开外籍优秀留学生在华就业和创业的限制。 具体可参照国际做法,建立“世界优秀青年实习计划”。一是改革在华留学生实习的规定,允许国际留学生在华期间,进行打工或实习,每周工作限制一定时间,持有学生证者,不需要另行申请工作签证。二是放开国际学生在学期间,到中国的实习签证,凡是教育部承认的著名大学学生,可以申请实习签证来华工作半年到一年,毕业后自动终止。 其次,改革教育体制,推进中国教育现代化。中国高等教育应逐步完成中国教育去行政化,完善校长治校制度,使教育部门回归学术、科研本位,逐步将中国打造成世界性的学术科研中心及国际人才中心;优化课程设置,改革教育方式,培育多层次、多领域的创新人才。在国际,大学校长和教师全球招聘是很常见的现象,中国高校的领导者也应该在全球范围内寻找,获得具备国际竞争力的领导力量,提高学校的管理水平。 再次,增加国际语言授课课程、培养国际化师资队伍。教学语言国际化和教师队伍国际化是我国人才国际化培养的客观需要。我国不能吸引海外留学生的一个重要原因,就是我国为非英语国家,又缺乏全英语教学课程。外国留学生到中国学习,多数要先学习语言,加大了他们的学习难度。 最后,实施吸引留学生的专项计划和示范工程。2010年,中国教育部实施了《留学中国计划》。该计划是中国颁布的第一个吸引留学生的计划。计划设定了到2020年,中国吸收50万在华留学生的目标。在此计划框架下,可以仿照日本的Global30计划,挑选国内重点大学,建立高等教育国际化示范工程,资助目标院校增加吸引留学生的教学和生活硬件设施、引进外籍教师、开设全英语教学课程等。 □王辉耀(中国与港澳赤兔主任)
2015年5月12日 -
【环球网】英国大选现“中国军团”11名华裔参与角逐
2015英国大选中,共有11名华裔候选人分别代表保守党、工党、自民党、绿党等政党,角逐国会议员席位,成为历届英国大选中华裔候选人数量最多的一次。对于从未出现过华裔国会下议院议员的英国来讲,此次选举有可能改写英国华人参政的历史。 在这11名候选人中,有父母上世纪迁入的二代移民,也有十多年前到英国留学的中国大陆学。此次华裔的集中出现,被《纽约时报》称为“英国大选中的中国军团。”英国华裔项目副主席威尔克斯更是形容为“华人打破政治天花板的开始”。 华人定居英国的历史已有200多年,英国现有华裔约50万,占总人口6400万的0.7%。中国与港澳赤兔(CCG)《中国国际移民报告》的数据,中国已经连续两年成为英国第一大移民来源国。数字之外,华裔新移民也呈现出不同的特点。中国与港澳赤兔《海外华侨华人专业人士报告》指出:与老一代“沉默者或隐形人”相比,新一代华人融入意识和参政意识加强,比老华侨更为积极。 对于新一代移民呈现出的新特点,中国与港澳赤兔主任王辉耀分析,由于语言障碍、文化差异以及当时居留国种族歧视等因素的影响,老一代华侨华人基本处于一种相对封闭的状态,生意圈子、生活圈子也局限于华侨华人社会。他们专注于自己的行业,对政治漠不关心,很少参与移入国的社会事务。他们通常有自己相对封闭的华人社区,有着强烈的“过客心态”与“叶落归根”情结。由于语言、文化的差异以及经济状况欠佳等因素,他们不主动融入移入国社会,对于移入国的政治、文化没有强烈的认同感,政治参与度也低。 “相对而言,改革开放以后移居海外的华裔新移民,特别是通过留学移居到海外的华侨华人,经过一二十年的拼搏,已经有一部分人在科技教育界、工商界崭露头角。随着中国的强大和国际地位不断提升、国际影响力不断增强,华侨华人在所在国的经济、政治和社会地位得到了极大改善。华侨华人专业人士具备受教育程度高、语言能力强、职业层次高、经济状况好的特点,他们的融入意识、参政意识与参政能力比老华侨有很大改观。他们正在以投票、选举、关注社区建设、组建华人社会团体等多种方式实现对移入国公共事务的参与。”王辉耀说。 近年来,华人在海外竞选、组建社团和政党的例子不断增多,他们作为移入国的居民,通过政治参与表达作为少数族群的政治诉求,推动了移入国当地的政治进程。1998年美国一流大学首位华人大学校长田长霖等人发起组织“80/20促进会”,号召亚裔特别是华裔集中选票支持善待亚裔的总统候选人。2011年在美国旧金山市长选举中,13名参选人中有5名华裔,李孟贤更是高调当选为旧金山历史上第一位华裔民选市长。2011年3月法籍华人吴振华就任法国执政党──法国人民运动联盟——政治局委员;2011年在英国地区议会5月举行的选举中,共有9名华人参加,6人获胜,其中5人以选区最高票获胜。2011年5月2011年5月加拿大总理哈珀组阁,在新内阁9名成员中,出现了加拿大历史上首位女性华裔部长。 2011年在加拿大卑诗省内的各市选举中,华裔参选者至少有43名,其中16人当选市议员和学务委员。当选华裔大多在温哥华、列治文和本拿比这3个华裔人口比例较高的城市。2013年在美国南加州3月和11月举行的地方官员选举中分别有8名和16名华裔当选,其中康佳琛被选为杜瓦提市首任华裔市议员。文章选自环球网,2015年5月8日
2015年5月11日 -
【中国日报】Tsinghua, Peking universities rise in global ranking
World expects these institutions to play a critical role in future, education expert saysTwo prestigious universities in China have moved up a world university ranking, which education experts said is a result of China’s continuing efforts to improve higher education and make universities more attractive.In the recently released Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings 2015, Tsinghua University moved to 26th place from 36th the previous year, and Peking University rose nine places to 32nd."This is a strong performance by China. Its two leading institutions have made gains in the reputation rankings, reflecting the country’s commitment to developing world-class universities," Phil Baty, the list’s editor, was quoted by Xinhua as saying."China’s growing stature should lead to further improvements, as a strong reputation helps universities to attract and retain more global talent and investment," he said.Baty’s judgment was echoed by Wang Huiyao, director of the Center for China and Globalization, a think tank in Beijing. Wang said the rising world reputation of the two universities reflected China’s growing impact in the world. "China has an impact on many aspects, including scientific research, and innovation and the GDP are growing. And the two prestigious universities, as pioneers and representatives of China’s research and innovation, will reflect the growth directly," Wang said.Positive attitude"A rise in the ranking position will undoubtedly add to Tsinghua University’s and Peking University’s attraction to international students and scholars, as well as domestic students," Wang added.Jiang Guohua, the academic committee director of the website cuaa.net, who has researched university ranking for years, agreed."Instead of saying that the world is appreciating the two Chinese universities, I would rather say the world is positive about the future of the Chinese economy," Jiang said. "Against such a backdrop, people believe that Peking University and Tsinghua University will play a more critical role in the future."Wang attributed the rise of the two universities’ positions in the ranking to the government’s attention and support, as well as the efforts made by the universities themselves.Statistics released by a research center at ShanghaiJiao Tong University last year showed that Tsinghua University, with more than 12 billion yuan ($1.9 billion) in funds each year-of which 4 billion yuan is used for research - topped all the universities in China. Peking University was also among the group of universities that enjoyed the largest amount of funding."This is a big deal, compared with many prestigious universities around the world," Wang said."Efforts the universities made in aspects such as supporting academic research, hiring top-class talent from around the globe and promoting international exchange and cooperation are also important factors," he added. However, Jiang said people shouldn’t be too excited about the rise.Xinhua said the 2015 World Reputation Rankings, based on 9,794 responses from 142 countries, differ from the annual Times Higher Education World University Rankings in being based on subjective judgment of teaching and research experts."It’s a ranking based on peer review," said Jiang. "It has significance. But a ranking that measures their research ability and contribution is of greater importance. In that sense, both Peking and Tsinghua have much more to do in order to be recognized as top-class universities of the world."(By Zhao Xinying)文章选自China Daily,2015年4月
2015年5月4日 -
【中国日报】Presidents with overseas doctorates more open to change
Presidents of China’s top universities who received their doctoral degrees overseas hired more top overseas talent during their terms, a recent study found.Researchers collected data from 27 of the best universities in China, called vice-ministry level universities. The study was conducted with full support from the central government by David Zweig; Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization, a Beijing-based think tank; and Kang Siqin, Zweig’s research assistant."The result indicates that compared with presidents who did not get an overseas PhD, presidents who gained their PhDs abroad are more willing and able to attract people who qualify for the top national programs, the 1000 Talents program run by the Organization Department of the CCP and the Changjiang scholars program run by the ministry of Education," said Zweig, study director and chair professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, on Tuesday at the International Forum on Global Migration and Development.The research analyzed 63 university presidents from 1999 to 2012 and sorted them into three groups: presidents who received their doctoral degrees from overseas universities, those who were visiting scholars at overseas institutes and universities for two consecutive years, and those who had no long term overseas research experience.The study found that about one-third of the university presidents received their doctoral degrees overseas, one third were visiting scholars and about one third had no long-term overseas research experience.For universities, having an overseas doctorate and being externally promoted means that the president is more willing to change existing cultures."Some universities and labs, the small units, have begun to change the ’small environment’ ... but there is still a long way to go before the best overseas are willing to return full time," Zweig said.The average number of years between their presidency and their days abroad is also lengthening. In 1999, the average number of years that a university president had been back from abroad was 15, while today the average number of years is 22, Zweig said.(By Luo Wangshu)文章选自《中国日报》,2015年4月27日
2015年5月4日 -
【中国日报】China to benefit from international migration: experts
World leading migration experts, from academia and practice fields, gathered in Beijing on Tuesday to discuss the country’s development based on international migration and strategies to attract international talent."China ranked No. 4 on the list of the largest migrants sending countries in the world in 2014. China is not a small player in global migration," said Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), a Beijing-based think tank, at the International Forum on Global Migration and Development.China has enjoyed the benefits of domestic migration in the past two decades. During the urbanization drive, migrant workers have moved to cities and have made tremendous contributions to the economy. It is now time that the country moves forward to enjoy the benefits of international migration, Wang added.Figure from the United Nation shows that 232 million people moved out of their native countries in 2013, 155 million in 1990, 178 million in 2000 and 214 million in 2010."Developed countries have particularly enjoyed the benefits of migration in technology and economy," Wang said, calling for Chinese authorities’ attention to establish a system to attract more international talent.The center published a report on Chinese international migration in March, analyzing migration affects from various perspectives."Overseas returnee talents value to be able to join the country’s development, to make history over pragmatic reasons, including wages and working environment," said Liu Xuezhi, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Personnel Science, adding that the number of overseas returnees is highly correlated with the country’s GPD based on his study.China prioritizes attracting overseas returnee talent at current stage, Liu said, adding that the number of overseas returnees accounts for 90 percent of international talent working in China.Howard Duncan, executive Head of Metropolis Project, an international network to study migration, agreed."A very small number of foreigners, as top talents, are working in China, and majority of them are overseas returnees," he said.The Chinese government should be more confident to attract current active and young international talent to work in China, he suggested, adding that currently the government hires many retired professors and researchers.(By Luo Wangshu)From China Daily, April 27th, 2015World leading migration experts, from academia and practice fields, gathered in Beijing on Tuesday to discuss the country’s development based on international migration and strategies to attract international talent."China ranked No. 4 on the list of the largest migrants sending countries in the world in 2014. China is not a small player in global migration," said Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), a Beijing-based think tank, at the International Forum on Global Migration and Development.China has enjoyed the benefits of domestic migration in the past two decades. During the urbanization drive, migrant workers have moved to cities and have made tremendous contributions to the economy. It is now time that the country moves forward to enjoy the benefits of international migration, Wang added.Figure from the United Nation shows that 232 million people moved out of their native countries in 2013, 155 million in 1990, 178 million in 2000 and 214 million in 2010."Developed countries have particularly enjoyed the benefits of migration in technology and economy," Wang said, calling for Chinese authorities’ attention to establish a system to attract more international talent.The center published a report on Chinese international migration in March, analyzing migration affects from various perspectives."Overseas returnee talents value to be able to join the country’s development, to make history over pragmatic reasons, including wages and working environment," said Liu Xuezhi, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Personnel Science, adding that the number of overseas returnees is highly correlated with the country’s GPD based on his study.China prioritizes attracting overseas returnee talent at current stage, Liu said, adding that the number of overseas returnees accounts for 90 percent of international talent working in China.Howard Duncan, executive Head of Metropolis Project, an international network to study migration, agreed."A very small number of foreigners, as top talents, are working in China, and majority of them are overseas returnees," he said.The Chinese government should be more confident to attract current active and young international talent to work in China, he suggested, adding that currently the government hires many retired professors and researchers.(By Luo Wangshu)From China Daily, April 27th, 2015
2015年4月30日 -
【新京报】领事保护中国还可做什么
文/中国与港澳赤兔主任王辉耀 随着“走出去”的公民和企业分布越来越广泛,领事保护遇到的问题越来越复杂,领事保护的经费筹措和成本支付问题也越来越突出。 尼泊尔8.1级超强地震后,中国飞机第一个到尼泊尔接回中国游客。26日晚8时20分许,亲历地震的115名乘客安全归国。近5年来,外交部领事保护中心与各驻外使领馆处理各类领事保护与协助案件数量年均3.5万-4万起,境外中国公民和企业面临的安全形势十分严峻。 此次,中国政府在公民撤离中表现出一个国家面对突发事件时对于国民的担当。但面对日益复杂的国际形势和迅速增长的出国人数,在领事保护方面,中国还可以做些什么? 中国目前的领事保护工作整体上主要仍以政府为主,而在发达国家主要采取的是政府、企业、非政府组织和个人共同参与、互相配合、相互补充的多元模式和格局。我们的传统模式具有“集中力量办大事”优势,能够在最短的时间内汇聚较大的资源参与海外公民和机构的保护,但随着“走出去”的公民和企业分布越来越广泛,领事保护遇到的问题越来越复杂,领事保护的经费筹措和成本支付问题也越来越突出。 在2014年的利比亚撤侨过程中,有关部门改变了政府大包大揽的做法,进行了改进的尝试,积累了新的经验。如何进一步规范政府、企业和公民个人的责权义务关系,探索合理有效的成本转移支付制度,仍然是需要进一步研究解决的问题,成本转移支付制度有待探索。 此外,领事保护工作涉及面广、综合性强。在目前的领事保护工作机制中,虽然建立了“五位一体”的工作机制,但在很大程度上还是依赖外交部领事保护中心的协调作用,地方、企业的主观能动性和责任感调动仍不够充分,存在“小马拉大车”的问题。一些国家在海外领事保护十分重视发挥非政府组织和商业性安保机构的作用,而如何结合中国的国情和实际情况,探索借鉴相关经验,仍然是一个新的课题。 随着中国企业和公民“走出去”的不断发展,公共外交和软环境建设也面临一些新问题。例如,近年来中国企业从“项目和人员走出去”向“资本走出去”的转变加速,越来越多的中国企业涉足国外高科技领域投资,追求高附加值投资,民营企业在对外投资中表现也日益活跃。企业在海外遇到的政治风险和法律风险随之上升,有时会因非经济因素被人为污名化和妖魔化,招致排挤和冲击,等等。面对这些新因素、新变化,有必要在领事保护与公共外交的结合方面与时俱进地进行研究,并有针对性地采取相应举措。 领事保护工作具有典型的窗口特征,领事保护工作信息的对外传播,是塑造良好国家形象、传递民间友好、促进中国与世界良性互动的重要抓手。同时,良好的国家形象和友好的民意基础,又是领事保护水平提升不可或缺的重要条件。为此,有必要进一步加大领事保护工作信息对外传播的力度,在实践中强化四个方面的“紧密结合”,为领事保护创新发展提供更为充分的综合保障。 具体而言,一是将领事保护信息传播与公共外交紧密结合,共同着力于塑造有利的舆论氛围和国家形象,营造有利于领事保护创新的软环境。二是领事工作信息传播与发挥侨务工作的传统优势结合,认真研究与华人华侨相关的重要法律问题,吸收借鉴国外相关经验,充分发挥海外华侨华人团体和组织的作用,增强海外“安全网”的厚度和弹性。 三是建立一支专门从事海外领事保护工作的工作队伍,及时发布、整理相关领事保护信息,加强网上舆情追踪和引导,在瞬息万变的信息时代掌握网络舆情主导权。四是将领事工作信息传播与公民安全教育紧密结合起来,开阔公民的国际视野,增进其对领事保护工作特质和海外安全形势的了解,增强其安全避险意识,倡导良好的行为规范,使领事保护更好地实现为“走出去”的中国公民实现自己的梦想保驾护航。选自《新京报》2015年4月29日A5专栏版
2015年4月30日