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【新华网】我们在谈人口红利,发达国家已享受人才红利
??人才将是第三轮全球化的主要载体,中国现在是最大的人才输出国,在全球人才流动的浪潮中还没有掌握先机,这不利于中国参与全球化竞争。 近日,中国与港澳赤兔(CCG)主任王辉耀在清华大学时代论坛发表了演讲,以下为演讲内容整理:参与全球化,我国1: 3仍处于劣势 我把全球化分成三个阶段:自从哥伦布发现了美洲大陆开始,我们就进入了全球化的第一个阶段。全球航海技术的发现,带来了疾病的流传,带来了种子、食品的全球流传。在这一阶段,中国是做得最好的国家。改革开放30年,中国的GDP已翻了170多倍,对外贸易翻了60多倍,特别是中国加入WTO后,关税大幅降低,中国不仅没有因为开放而丧失自己的产业,反而使国内各大产业竞争力明显提高。在入世的带动下,我国已经成为世界第一出口大国,超过日本成为世界第二大经济体。如果说加入世界贸易组织降低关税是消除货物流动壁垒,这种壁垒的消失给中国带来了10年的高速发展期。 全球化的第二个浪潮,是全球的资本流动。从18世纪荷兰的第一个股票市场开始,全球的资本跨越全球、翻云覆雨,最近几十年进入互联网时代后更是如此。但目前来看,发达国家依然是国际资本流动体系的主角。我国建亚投行,说明我国已经开始在全球资本市场发力,努力赢取这一红利。但是,现在依靠资本优势掌握全球经济主动权,这种优势已经不明显了,就像在WTO关税降低和近年来多个双边自由贸易区的建立之后,贸易自由化流动给世界各国带来的红利已经不突出。 贸易和资本优势不再突出,我们要靠什么实现全球化、把握全球化浪潮?我认为是人才。这就是全球化的第三个回合,全球的人才流动,中国现在还是最大的人才输出国,清华是美国博士生来源最多的学校。中国在全球人才流动的浪潮上还没有掌握先机,资本、人才都掌握在其他国家的手上,中国如果还是只能把污染、粗放式的东西留在中国,在全球化竞争里就会处于劣势。 如果说,各国参与全球化三个进程相当于三个回合,要3:2胜的话,我国在货物贸易方面占绝对的优势,在资本方面处于迎头追赶的阶段,人才方面还处于劣势,总体处于一个1:3的劣势地位。 因此,国际人才的竞争非常重要,这是一个国际人才的时代,我们要紧紧抓住。中国经济发展需更多国际人才红利 过去30年,发达国家在享受国际人才的红利,中国却以享受国内人口流动红利为主。未来30年,中国也要享受国际人才流动的红利。 现在发达国家是享受了国际人才红利,在移民型国家,外国人口占该国人口的比例大多超过20%,如美国为14.3%,加拿大为20.7%,澳大利亚为27.7%,新加坡为42.9%,新西兰为25.1%;即使是欧洲非移民国家,如英国、德国、法国等,移民人口占总人口的比例也超过11.5%;在亚洲,日本的移民人口比例为1.9%,韩国为2.5%,而中国的外国人口只有0.06%,远低于发达国家和地区的平均水平10.8%,低于世界平均水平3.2%,甚至低于发展中国家的平均水平1.6%和最不发达国家的平均水平1.2%。同样是人口大国,印度的这一比例也高于我国,达到0.4%。可见我国外国人口比例几乎为世界最低水平。同时,我国在华留学生比例也仅为0.4%,远低于OECD国家的平均比例8%,也几乎为世界最低水平。 国际人才红利都是发达国家享受的,中国享受了什么红利呢?中国在过去36年的改革开放阶段,中国享受了国内的“移民”红利。30多年前,国内的农村人口可以出村了,这为中国带来了巨大的红利。深圳就是一个移民城市,现在人口超过2千万。中国今天之所以能成为世界第二大经济体,很大程度上得益于国内人口流动的放开。美国创新源于多元化人才集群效应 为什么美国创新走在前面?答案是享受国际人才红利,这方面美国走在全世界的最前面。在美国,专利创造1/3是来自移民,诺贝尔奖获得者1/3是来自移民。在教育领域,美国大学电子工程专业全数在校生70%是来自国外的留学生,美国博士学位就业人才里,国际移民的比例从93年的23%到2010年的42%,国际移民创造了美国1/4的高学历,包括谷歌里面30%都是亚裔,其中大部分都来自中国。 硅谷为什么那么发达?那是因为来自世界各地的人才思想相互碰撞,没有任何条条框框,不同文化背景、语言背景的人才汇集到一起,时时刻刻产生新的点子、新的思路。 以色列是全世界创新创业最发达的国家之一,以色列建国的时候只有60万人,现在800万,80%以上的人口都是来自世界各地的犹太人和非犹太人。这些人才的履历和背景,为以色列发达的科技产业奠定了坚厚的基础。 看了以色列和美国的例子,再来看中国,现在外国留学生在中国的很少,过去两年,美国到中国来的留学生连续下降。奥巴马上台的时候提出要派十万留学生,现在离十万差的很远。中国去美国的留学生已超过了25万,但是到中国来的留学生非常少,这对中国吸引国际人才是非常不利的,对中国的创新和发展是非常不利的。中国现在已经是生源不足,如果不抓住国际留学生这个教育市场,恐怕将来很多学校都要倒闭。 为什么我们要开放中国的学校招收外国留学生?我们培养多少个留学生,就是培养多少个知华派、亲华派。一带一路,不光是中国企业要走出去,我们中国培养的人才也要走出去。吸引人才需去除人才流动壁垒 什么是人才流动的壁垒?就像关税和配额是货物贸易的壁垒一样,签证就是人才流动的一个壁垒。最早国与国之间是没有签证的。去年APEC会议期间,奥巴马来中国第一次宣布中美十年往返签证,以前办美国签证是一年半或两年有效期,去美国留学的签证是五年有效期,现在你可以办十年有效期签证。十年间可以说走就走,随时去美国,每次可以呆半年。这样就降低了人才流动的壁垒,加速了人才流动的频率,给中美都带来了人才流、创意流,有了创意流才有创新。 各个国家都在降低人才流入的门槛,像日本,获得永久居留证原来要求至少要居留十年,后来变成五年,最近又缩短到三年。我国在2013年的出入境管理法里增加了人才签证这个概念,当时是我提出来的,因为当前,这个世界最稀缺的不是贸易,是人才!中国驻外使馆应设立“人才处” 以色列专门设立了移民吸收部,是跟国防部同等重要的部门,中国台湾在海外也有办事处负责招揽人才,韩国成立了“联系韩国”,新加坡也成立了“联系新加坡”,常驻在使馆,目的就是到处延揽人才。中国可以在海外设立文化处、商务处、科技处、教育处,为什么不可以有人才处?其他国家使馆的移民处是非常重要的,你看北京各个国家的大使馆,最忙的就移民处。中国也应该设立一个人才处、移民处,专门吸收人才。为海外华人华侨发放“海外公民证” 近些年,很多国家开始放松国籍政策,像印度、巴西、菲律宾、俄罗斯、墨西哥,在90年代开始承认双重国籍。2012年韩国也修订了国籍法,承认了双重国籍,双重国籍是非常好的一个办法。我们现在海外有6千万的华人华侨,分布在世界各地,可以考虑开放双重国籍了。比如在菲律宾,有几百万的华侨跟中国都有关系的话,这是一个很强大的影响力。在美国有四百万的华人华侨,如果他们与中国重新建立联系,将有可能影响美国对华的政策决策。 我们现在知道,在海外的华人回来一趟非常不容易。现在美国好了,有十年签证,但很多国家还都没有。所以说,发放海外公民证,消除人才流通的壁垒,是促进人才流动非常重要的方法。人才流动需要签证便利化 马英九在台湾执政6、7年间,最大的政绩之一是台湾的护照可以去100多个国家了,同样是中华人民共和国护照,中国香港也有100多个国家可以免签。 我们护照的含金量也在逐渐提高,原来我们只有几个国家免签,现在有40多个免签和落地签的国家。我们每年出去1亿人,在海外消费1千多亿美元。按照有关预测,到2020年中国会有两亿多人出国旅游,包括留学生出国学习潮,大家对签证便利化的需求是很大的。中国需要更多国际化的领导人才 现在国际组织里面中国人非常少,韩国人、印度人很多,欧洲的也有,我们要推动中国人才进入到国际层面,国际领导人才的培养很重要。 阿里巴巴到美国上市,马云就讲阿里巴巴不是中国的阿里巴巴,是世界的阿里巴巴。去年我们的企业国际化蓝皮书也发现,中国到海外投资已经超过了来华投资。中国企业走出去的时代已经到了,但关键是有没有领导人才领导中国企业走出去。中国需要培养更多的国际化领导人才,才能从政治、经济、文化等各个方面更好地参与全球化。 文章选自新华网,2015年5月27日
2015年6月1日 -
【中国日报】More talent back from overseas, but work still needs to be done
While China’s rapid economic growth provides major appeal to draw homegrown talent back from overseas, further legal development remains essential to attracting more, according to Liu Xuezhi, vice-president of the Chinese Academy of Personnel Science."The number of overseas returnees is highly correlated with China’s GDP," Liu said.His studies found that the number of overseas returnees has been skyrocketing since 2000, a time when China’s GDP began to experience rapid growth.The number of Chinese students studying overseas has increased since then. But the number of returnees saw dramatic growth seven or eight years later - since about 2007 or 2008 - which matches China’s economic growth, Liu said.He estimates that the growth will continue for at least three to five years.To continue to encourage Chinese to return, Liu said it’s important to strengthen legal conditions at home."Overseas returnees don’t care much about wages or the work environment. They come back hoping to join the country’s development and to make history," Liu said.President Xi Jinping has stressed law-based governance, indicating the country’s legal-building will be improved further.According to Wang Huiyao, president of the Center of China and Globalization(CCG), a Beijing think tank, China has only about 0.06 percent of foreigners, while in developed countries the figure is about 10 percent. In other developing countries, it’s 1.6 percent, Wang said, adding that China is experiencing an economic transition to which international talent is able to contribute.Migration is another part of the picture, in Wang’s view."China ranked No 4 on the list of most migrants to other countries last year. It is not a small player in global migration, and the country is keen to attract international talent," he said.China has enjoyed the benefits of internal migration in the past two decades. During the urbanization drive, migrant workers who moved to cities have made tremendous contributions to the economy, and it is now time for the country to move forward to enjoy the benefits of international migration, he said.According to the United Nations, 232 million people moved out of their native countries in 2013, 155 million in 1990, 178 million in 2000 and 214 million in 2010."Developed countries have particularly enjoyed the benefits that migration brings to technology and the economy," Wang said, suggesting that Chinese authorities focus more attention on establishing a system to attract more international talent.The center published a report on Chinese international migration in March, analyzing its effects from various perspectives.According to Liu, China places priority on attracting Chinese back from overseas. Overseas returnees account for 90 percent of the international talent working in China, he said.Howard Duncan, executive head of the Metropolis Project, an international network that studies migration patterns, said the government should be more confident about attracting young, active international talent to work in China, adding that it already hires many retired professors and researchers.(By Luo Wangshu)
2015年5月28日 -
【中国日报】Visiting professors’ stimulate innovation’ in industry
Closer collaboration between universities and industry can better prepare students for China’s economic changes, according to Li Qiang, dean of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at Tsinghua University.The State Council recently allowed professors to take leave from their research posts to work in various industries, a move aimed at stimulating professors’ enthusiasm, Li said at a symposium earlier this month on China’s workforce readiness.The idea that university professors could leave academia and enter industry for a time was once very popular in China, Li said. It was called xiahai in Chinese, meaning jumping into the business world.However, the numbers receded amid the central governments’ anti-corruption battle. The issue has emerged again because the effect is to "stimulate innovation," Li said, adding that elsewhere in the world it is common for university professors to collaborate with business enterprises during periodic leaves of absence."They are shareholders in some enterprises," Li said.The anti-corruption effort bars public officials from personal gain at public expense, but professors are not public officials, he said.The State Council released a guideline on May 3 on employment and entrepreneurship. This allows professors and researchers from universities and research institutes to leave their research posts temporarily to work in enterprises. The idea is to introduce their innovative ideas into the market, while stimulating their enthusiasm for innovation.Visiting professors ’stimulate innovation’ in industryResearchers on temporary leave can have social insurance, promotion prospects and titles for three years, the guideline states."If professors can go to the actual production workforce and practice their research results, they are the best candidates to turn the results into productive output," Li said.Li’s sentiments were echoed by leaders from government, business and academia at the symposium, which was organized by the Asia Society Hong Kong Center.Experts also highlighted how China’s transition from a manufacturing-led economy to greater consumption is creating new requirements for the workforce.Wang Huiyao, president of the Center of China and Globalization(CCG), said education in entrepreneurship could create more jobs.Investor Xu Xiaoping said, "Innovation is where I see job increases and hope for the next generation."The new economy stimulates employment, he said. "Lots of new jobs, job skills and job sense are created."(By Luo Wangshu)
2015年5月28日 -
【中国日报】Initiative spurs language learning
Less commonly taught tongues are needed as trade increases in Asia and EuropeTo ensure sufficient skilled workers for China’s Belt and Road Initiative, universities have been adding foreign language programs to cultivate interdisciplinary talent.Beijing Foreign Studies University has made establishing more programs for languages one of the top objectives of its long-term plan.University President Peng Long said that BFSU will open three more foreign language programs by 2020, bringing its total to 70.Xu Liping, a senior researcher in Southeast Asian affairs at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, has experienced the urgent need to nurture talent with less commonly taught language skills."Chinese leaders, integrating domestic and overseas resources, designed the Belt and Road Initiative to cater to the trend of economic globalization, cultural diversity and the information era. The initiative has a higher requirement for talent, especially interdisciplinary talent," Xu said.President Xi Jinping launched the initiative, Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, in 2013 to link Asia and Europe through development, trade and culture.Wang Huiyao, president of the Center of China and Globalization(CCG), a Beijing-based think tank, said that one of the challenges to implement the initiative is the talent shortage."The initiative is China’s new globalization," Wang said. "China has benefited from globalization. The country’s GDP has increased six to seven times since entering the World Trade Organization."Jia Wenjian, vice-president of BFSU, said the university sees the improvement of less commonly taught language programs as a pivot. "With appropriate support from the government and academia, we will witness the blossoming of less commonly taught languages," Jia said.Liu Shuxiong, a professor in Southern Asian studies at the School of Foreign Languages at Peking University, said most of the countries and regions along the areas of the Belt and Road Initiative are developing economies, from Eastern Europe to Southeast Asia."More than 60 countries have expressed interest in the initiative. China has already signed memorandums with a few of them. More than half of people in the world have or will participate in the initiative. As a community for less commonly taught languages, we are obligated to be prepared for the big event on the international stage," Liu said.Li Yonghui, dean of the School of International Relations and Diplomacy at BFSU, said the development of less commonly taught languages has "always bonded" with China’s political and diplomatic development."China, as a rising country, has an urgent and massive need for talent in less commonly used languages," Li said. "However, maybe because it is growing quickly, the preparation of talent could not keep pace with development."The Belt and Road Initiative promotes common development and prosperity.According to the action plan issued in March, the initiative "runs through the continents of Asia, Europe and Africa, connecting the vibrant East Asia economic circle at one end and developed European economic circle at the other, and encompassing countries with huge potential for economic development".The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, which provides financial infrastructure for the initiative, was founded this year with the participation of 57 countries.Three types of talent are in particular need for the initiative, said Xu, from the academy."The first type is those with language skills. ... The initiative covers three to four continents, including more than 60 countries. It requires communication and negotiation with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative. Talent with foreign language skills are in widespread need. ... Many enterprises told me that they need graduates from less commonly taught language programs and they are willing to pay them a decent salary," he said."The initiative involves projects in various fields, including finance, mechanics, fundamental facility construction and science cooperation. ... The future cooperation is in all fields, requiring talent from each field," Xu said, adding that he participated in satellite imaging cooperation in Southeast Asia in the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Getting readyBFSU is one of the first group of universities to take action. Its School of Asian and African Studies launched programs in the spring semester in Mongolian, Tamil, Bengalese and Filipino.BFSU’s new programs - 29 in Mongolian, 30 in Tamil, 22 in Bengalese, 24 in Filipino - are nondegree programs.These languages - predominately used in Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines - are all found along the regions of the Belt and Road Initiative."Since the new programs started, BFSU now covers all languages in ASEAN countries," said Sun Xiaomeng, dean of the School of Asian and African Studies, adding that the university is working toward offering degree programs in Mongolian and Filipino.The School of Asian and African Studies, founded in 1961, provides 23 language programs; 16 degree programs and seven nondegree programs.The curricula is carefully designed and has gone through thorough and repeated reviews by scholars, Sun said, adding that Mongolia is an important trading partner with China, but Chinese have less understanding of Mongolia than the other way around.The university will gradually introduce another 11 less commonly taught languages, including Georgian, Armenian and Moldovan.To nurture interdisciplinary talent, the school encourages students to take more than one language program."The ideal student should master at least one less commonly used language and one commonly used language ... we encourage them to learn a third and even fourth language," Sun said, adding that the school will provide similar optional language programs to expand students’ choices."For instance, we are considering providing Tamil programs to students in a Sinhalese major. These two languages have high similarities, which should be easier for Sinhalese speakers to learn Tamil," Sun said.In addition to providing more language programs, the university also encourages cross-major cooperation to nurture interdisciplinary talent.Li, dean of the international relations school, and Niu Huayong, dean of the business school at BFSU, expressed willingness to cooperate with the School of Asian and African Studies."We could open curricula to all students, for instance, allowing students in international relations to learn a less commonly taught language and students from less commonly used language programs to learn international relations," Li said.Beijing Language and Culture University will launch an English plus Turkish program in the fall, aiming to nurture students who can master those languages and also know French or Japanese as a third language.Self-development consideredExperts are also calling for students’ professional and self-development to be taken into consideration."Traditionally, the disadvantage of majoring in a less commonly used language is the restriction of the region. In other words, we, as professionals of a less commonly used language, would deal with this region for our whole lives," said Mi Liang, professor from the School of Asian and African Studies."However, if China has less or even no communication or connection with the country for decades for some reason, students of the language may face unemployment. ... The solution is to nurture interdisciplinary talent," Mi said.Sun Xiaomeng, the school’s dean, said, "We are not only providing certain programs solely to cater to the country’s needs, but also consider students’ development and interests."Wu Shu, a sophomore at BFSU’s International Business School, selected Mongolian this semester, and is studying the language to reconnect with her ancestry.A student of Mongolian descent, Wu is not able to speak Mongolian because she was born and raised in a Han-dominant environment."It is a shame to be a Mongolian but not be able to speak the mother tongue," the 21-year-old said, adding that she cherished the opportunity at university and "could not wait to start".Beyond academiaWang from the Center of China and Globalization, said that think tanks also contribute to development."Globalization and international relations will always be a hot topic as China continues to go out," Wang said.The center recently launched a Belt and Road Initiative Research Institute, conducting practical research and aiming to provide solutions to enterprises.Regarding the talent shortage, Wang said it is important to nurture more understanding of China among foreign students."For instance, China should welcome and provide more assistance to foreign students from the countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, allowing them to study in China," Wang said. (By Luo Wangshu)
2015年5月28日 -
【中国经济导报】建设中国特色新型智库三问
在全球化时代,智库的全球意识和国际视野是提升其国际化水平的重要因素。 今年1月出台的中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《关于加强中国特色新型智库建设的意见》(以下简称《意见》),对中国特色新型智库发展愿景的规划包括:到2020年,统筹推进党政部门、社科院、党校行政学院、高校、军队、科研院所和企业、社会智库协调发展,形成定位明晰、特色鲜明、规模适度、布局合理的中国特色新型智库体系,充分发挥中国特色新型智库咨政建言、理论创新、舆论引导、社会服务、公共外交等重要功能。 实现这样的发展规划,需要做出哪些努力?不妨参考机构、专家从深化智库国际交流合作机制改革、地方社科院建设、加强智库人才队伍建设等方面的解析和建议。 如何使智库在对外交往中发挥不可替代的作用? 《意见》提出,一个大国的发展进程,既是经济等硬实力提高的进程,也是思想文化等软实力提高的进程。智库是国家软实力的重要载体,越来越成为国际竞争力的重要因素,在对外交往中发挥着不可替代的作用。 如何充分发挥智库对提升我国国际竞争力的作用?中国国际经济交流中心课题组建议: 增强智库的全球意识。 在全球化时代,智库的全球意识和国际视野是提升其国际化水平的重要因素。随着中国国际地位的迅速上升,中国与世界的联系和互动越来越密切,国际社会也越来越关注中国智库对国际重大问题的见解和立场。有关部门应在软科学研究和社科基金中,资助智库更多地开展全球性重大课题研究。 加强智库国际交流。 国内智库应加强与国际智库的学术交流,就国际、地区和双边热点问题及时交流观点。联合开展涉及全球性重大问题的研究,这是提升中国智库国际化水平的重要抓手。 重视智库国际平台建设。 通过定期召开国际智库论坛,为中外智库讨论问题、切磋观点提供面对面的交流机会,有利于智库间碰撞智慧火花,增进沟通,减少误判,达到增信释疑的目的,为政府决策提供更开阔的视野和创新性观点。 提高智库专家的国际交流能力。有意识地培育一批有国际影响的智库人才。他们应具有深厚的专业积累,深刻了解国际重点热点问题,准确把握中国外交政策,能以国际接轨的话语模式在国际交往中宣传中国的立场和观点。在国际研究项目申请、审批、公派、接收等方面,加大对中国智库及其人才对外交往的资助力度。 支持智库设立海外分支机构。支持智库“走出去”,根据研究和发展需要,通过合作研究等方式,在世界各地设立一定数量的分支机构。智库通过这些分支机构,为智库研究人员开展海外研究提供便利,为智库了解当地实际情况提供一手信息来源。 如何加强智库学科品牌建设? 《意见》提出,地方社科院“要着力为地方党委和政府决策服务”。湖南省社会科学院院长刘建武结合湖南省的发展实践提出,“多年来,湖南省社会科学院一直把建设成为省委、省政府的重要智库作为全院发展的战略方向,取得了一系列的重要成果。着眼新形势、新要求,我们将进一步加大工作力度,努力使智库建设迈上新台阶。” ——把出高质量成果作为智库建设的“生命线”。 坚持以问题为导向,精心组织开展面向改革、面向决策、面向实践的重大课题研究,把中央精神与改革实践中的问题有效地连接起来,把省委省政府关心关注的问题与研究工作者的兴奋点有效地连接起来,紧扣热点、难点问题,举全院之力进行深入调研,联合攻关,形成高质量的应用对策成果,进入决策,服务实践。 ——把建好资源整合平台作为智库建设的“增长极”。 整合社会各方力量,回答和解决好改革发展中牵一发而动全身的战略问题、积累多年的老大难问题、各方面意见纷陈的疑难问题。构建智库研究与决策、实践的互动平台。对决策和实践中遇到的重大热点、难点问题,邀请各方专家学者举行专题研讨会、论证会,研判形势,形成建议。进一步办好“湖南省情决策与咨询课题”平台。通过有针对性的课题立项和委托研究形式,争取每年形成一批质量较高的省情研究成果。 ——把打造优势学科作为智库建设的“主支撑”。 进一步加强重点学科的科学化设计与精细化管理,深入开展“湘字号”学科品牌的建设工作,进一步提高湖南省社会科学院在马克思主义研究、区域经济、区域规划、三农问题、两型社会、文化创意产业、新型城镇化等方面的研究实力,建设一批具有地域特色、发展潜力和竞争优势的新兴学科与交叉学科。 如何培养智库管理运营人才? 围绕加强智库人才队伍建设,《意见》在智库人才的培养、流动和激励等方面做出部署。中国与港澳赤兔(CCG)主任、国务院参事王辉耀提出,发现和培养知晓现代智库运作模式的人才,是中国智库发展面临的巨大挑战。 王辉耀认为,智库,顾名思义,是产生思想的地方。人才是创新思想的载体,如果没有产生思想的人才,智库就相当于没有产品,无法影响政策。而且,作为智力密集型机构,智库对人才的要求更高、更迫切。中国智库的发展需要吸纳现代型精英人才,借助他们的“智慧”促进智库走向兴盛。中国真正的智库发展历史还很短,国家现代化智库建设的工作也起步不久,中国智库目前对精英人才的需求十分强烈。智库所需的精英人才主要有三类:高端智囊人才、独立研究型人才和新型综合性人才。 ——高端智囊人才:拥有自己参政议政的渠道,能通过著书立说将自己的思想观点传达出去,影响决策。这类人才主要是前政府高官和对政府有影响力的知名学者。 ——独立研究型人才:有独立的思想和人格,能独立主导和参与大型课题和项目的研究。目前中国智库各种名头响亮的“权威”和“专家”不少,但真正的独立研究型人才紧缺。这有赖于独立知识精英阶层的进一步培育和智库本身独立性的加强,以及对研究型人才的培养。 ——新型综合性人才:既能参与研究活动,又可以进行策划、组织、宣传、推广、筹款等工作,具有较高的综合素质。 王辉耀提出,缺乏管理运营人才,是智库当前最大的问题。几年前,智库吸纳人才时,最看重个人的研究能力、独立思考能力和创新能力。而现在,懂得非盈利机构运营的管理人才,能够使智库内部资源配置优化,提高智库运营效率的人才,是我们最需要的。尤其是民间智库,急需能够确保在扁平化的组织管理中,保证信息有效传递,创造严谨自由的研究环境的运营人才。不论是哪种类型的智库,智库管理人才的优劣都会对智库的发展产生重大影响,因此,如何发现和培养真正知晓现代智库运作模式的人才,是中国智库发展面临的巨大挑战。 文章选自《中国经济导报》,记者:史颖
2015年5月26日 -
【FT中文网】第三次全球化浪潮——全球人才流动
文/中国与港澳赤兔主任王辉耀 中国国际人口红利还需提高 全世界留学生已达到500万,在人才吸引、人才流动、包括留学生吸引方面,新加坡处于前沿,整体增长非常快。重视人才流动、人才吸引,最典型的例子是美国。在美国,41%的诺贝尔奖获得者是移民,电子工程研究生71%来自中国,42%理工科的博士来自其他国家。发达国家都在争取人才,未来世界是人才的竞争。 随着交通、互联网越来越便利,中国与世界的交往也越来越频繁,全球的移民发展,在发达国家非常迅速,在传统的移民国家,移民人口大都达到10%至20%;在传统的非移民发达国家,移民人口也占到总人口的10%。 全球化人才流动逐渐成为主要趋势,中国在这方面还存在较大差距。中国的移民红利非常弱,中国需要越来越多的人才,需要抓住国际移民的红利,促进国家发展。发达国家基本超过10%,世界平均水平是3.2%,印度达到0.4%。中国却只有0.06。 农民工人口流动创造了中国过去30年的辉煌,而未来30年,要发展为创新型国家、发达国家,中国国际的人口红利还要提高,需要更多的国际人才来中国发展,中国不仅要抓住国内人才红利,更要抓住国际人口红利,来促进中国未来的发展。 吸引创业型人才 在当今世界,创业型人才得到不断的重视。美国设立投资移民签证来吸引创业型人才。据统计,美国的投资移民项目中,10000人有8500人来自中国;日本设立国家战略特区促进经济发展,同时其入籍要求从以前的10年长期居留减到现在的5年;加拿大也推出了创业签证;英国则提出全球创业人才。 在中国人才制度改革方面,中国与港澳赤兔(CCG)推动中美两国实现10年多次往返签证;在今年3月,中国外交部长王毅宣布对加拿大也实现了10年多次往返签证,促使人才流动更加便利。 建立人才的WTO 中国政府在中共十八大和中共十八届三中全会提出建立人才竞争力的人才制度优势,学习世界上最先进的人才流动、人才培养、人才吸引方面的经验。2013年,在欧美同学会成立100周年庆祝大会上,中国国家主席习近平提到“致天下之治者在人才”,政府需要广纳天下英才。今年中国“两会”期间,习近平在参加上海代表团讨论时,又提到不光要吸引本国的人才,还要吸引世界的人才。在亚信峰会上,习近平再次提到:“一个国家的开放,归根结底还是对人才的开放”。 目前中国面临很多挑战,改革开放以来,中国输出1000多万移民,而在中国的外籍人口只有80万。中国留学生每年输出50万人左右,而来华留学生总数累计只有30多万,来华读取学位的留学生在15万左右,中国在输出人才和引进人才上,数据相差悬殊。 希望中国能打造亚洲教育园,从而使亚洲高校的大学生、留学生之间可以加强交流。全球的货物流动有WTO(World Trade Organization),希望建立一个人才的WTO(World Talents Organization)。 未来,中国可以进一步推动学历和资格互认,提升人才交流,成为人才进出口大国。
2015年5月20日 -
预告: 第四届哈佛校友中国公共政策论坛
Harvard Alumni China Public Policy Forum:Discuss China’s Trade Policy with Prof Robert Lawrence · 中国加入WTO14年,自由贸易给中国带来了哪些重大改变? · 中国将主办2016 G20峰会,有哪些议题将会被讨论? 会见哈佛公共政策教授罗伯特·劳伦斯 探讨中国与全球贸易 劳伦斯教授是哈佛肯尼迪学院教授,专门研究国际贸易,是哈佛大学肯尼迪学院贸易政策项目执行主席。他于1998年至2000期间年任美国总统顾问委员会经济顾问。他专业著作颇丰,例如《罪与伐——WTO下的反击》、《地区主义、多边主义、还是更加一体化?》、《美国还有竞争力吗?》、《全球化走得太远了吗?》、《直面公开贸易的恐惧》等。讨论议题将包括WTO对中国的影响,中国对外贸易,中国与G20等。历届回顾第一届哈佛校友中国公共政策论坛 2013年3月21日,哈佛大学肯尼迪学院2013访问团暨哈佛校友中国公共政策论坛联谊晚宴在北京万达索菲特大酒店七层协和厅举行,与会嘉宾欢聚一堂,交流思想,共叙友谊。本次论坛联谊晚宴由中国与港澳赤兔主办,并得到哈佛肯尼迪政府学院的大力支持。更多详情...第二届哈佛校友中国公共政策论坛 由欧美同学会建言献策委员会邀请,中国与港澳赤兔(CCG)承办的 “第二届哈佛校友中国公共政策论坛”于2014年11月24日在欧美同学会举办。本次论坛邀请了哈佛大学Jacob Kehinde Olupona教授、北京大学荣丽亚教授、国家开发银行研究院副院长黄剑辉先生齐聚一堂,围绕“中国企业投资非洲的机遇与挑战”做了精彩的演讲。CCG副主任孙玉红主持了论坛研讨会。更多详情...第三届哈佛校友中国公共政策论坛 2015年2月22日,中国与港澳赤兔(Center for China and Globalization,CCG) 在美国波士顿的哈佛大学肯尼迪学院举办了中美慈善研讨会。 该研讨会聚集了美国一流的慈善领域研究学者和中国问题专家,他们是哈佛肯尼迪学院教授托尼·赛奇(Tony Saich)、哈佛法学院教授威廉姆·奥福德(William Alford), 哈佛法学院教授丹尼尔·霍尔柏林(Daniel Halperin),哈佛肯尼迪学院豪泽中心(Hauser Institute)学者马里恩·弗里蒙特·史密斯(Marion Fremont Smith), 发展中国家慈善研究学者保拉·约翰逊(Paula Johnson), 美国著名慈善法和中国问题专家马克·赛德尔(Mark Sidel)教授,和致力于慈善和非盈利组织服务的马丁律师事务所主席马蒂·马丁(Marty Martin)等。更多详情...
2015年5月20日